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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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welcome back to the UFO Rabbit Hole

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podcast I'm your host Kelly Chase

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today we're diving into part two of The

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Waking Up Inside the cave series if you

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haven't listened to part one yet I

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highly recommend that you do so first

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it's linked in the episode brief

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for many who take the trip down the UFO

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Rabbit Hole there comes a point where

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you find yourself asking much bigger

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questions about reality it boils down to

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this

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the UFO phenomenon is Impossible by

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every single measure that we use to

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determine such things and yet it is and

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the existence of the impossible posits

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that the models that we use to determine

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what is possible and what isn't are

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irretrievably flawed there is no other

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logical explanation frankly if UFOs

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don't make you question the nature of

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your reality you haven't really

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understood them

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in part one of this series we took a

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closer look at the most fundamental

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meaning making models that we have

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starting with the very origins of the

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universe and I made the case that very

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little about this narrative makes any

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kind of rational sense and that it's

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only real utility lies in explaining

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things away without actually explaining

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them at all

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when exposed to the harsh light of

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objective interrogation the consensus

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view of reality quickly dissipates like

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morning fog

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Plato's Cave has become an important

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Touchstone for this podcast because it

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provides the perfect framework for

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discussing the process of pursuing this

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line of questioning and as we begin to

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recognize the consensus reality is

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little more than a shadow play on the

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wall the inevitable questions arise

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where are we what is this place and what

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is the shadow play meant to conceal

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we discussed back in episode 18 in my

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first interview with James Madden that

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humans are natural cave Builders all of

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the greatest achievements of

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civilization have required that we be

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able to create shared World Views and

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agreed upon meanings for things it's our

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superpower every bit as much as it's our

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weakness and I think it's important to

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keep in mind that just because we find

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ourselves in a cave doesn't necessarily

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mean that someone put us there the walls

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of the cave could be entirely

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self-created

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And yet when you find yourself tied up

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in a cave and recognize that the very

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nature of your reality has been

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concealed seemingly intentionally it's

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impossible not to wonder about who your

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potential captors might be and about

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what strange new world might be waiting

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for you right outside its walls

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over the past several years a strange

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and disturbing idea has been popularized

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by everyone from futurist to Tech

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billionaires namely that we're living in

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a simulation

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could this be the explanation for the

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strange position in which we find

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ourselves could Plato's Cave be more

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than just an allegory could what we

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perceive as our reality actually be our

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prison

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it sounds a lot like the plot of The

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Matrix but the more we learn the more

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likely this unsettling scenario becomes

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so buckle up because this rabbit hole is

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going to be a wild ride

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so what are the chances that we are

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actually living in a simulation

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According to some including Elon Musk

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and Neil deGrasse Tyson the probability

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that we live in a fabricated reality is

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pretty high the argument goes like this

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if you think about the earliest video

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games like pong and compare them to

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video games now you can see that this

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kind of technology is evolving

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exponentially and as it does so it gets

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closer and closer to replicating actual

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reality if you've ever played a game

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with a virtual reality headset you know

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that even though you wouldn't mistake

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the world of the video game for real

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life it can still trick your brain into

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processing that visual information as

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though it were real

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if you stand on the edge of a cliff in

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the game your stomach drops if you ride

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a roller coaster you can practically

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feel the wind in your hair if something

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jumps out at you you get startled and if

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you're like me make a very undignified

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squealing noise

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so if you assume that any rate of

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progress continues it is inevitable that

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at some point in the future that we will

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be able to create simulated environments

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that are indistinguishable from reality

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and when you combine that with the idea

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of massively multiplayer online games

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like World of Warcraft and fortnite it

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seems not just possible but likely that

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someday playing a video game could

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literally feel like stepping into a

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different reality that feels just as

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real

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and the issue with that is that once you

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introduce the potential for realistic

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fully immersive simulated environments

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then suddenly the chances that the

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reality that you find yourself in is

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base reality drops significantly and if

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you imagine the proliferation of these

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simulations on a long enough timeline

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then the chances that you are in base

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reality become something more like

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getting struck by lightning while

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holding the winning Powerball ticket

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twice

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in fact the only real way for us to be

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certain that we aren't in a simulation

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would be if we were somehow the very

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first intelligence to create simulated

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realities

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but given the fact that the universe is

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nearly 10 billion years older than the

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earth it seems pretty unlikely that we

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could be the first ones to reach that

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milestone

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in an influential paper on this topic

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Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom made the

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case that at least one of the following

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things must be true

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one all human-like civilizations in the

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universe go extinct before they develop

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the technological capacity to create

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simulated realities

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two if any civilizations do Reach This

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phase of technological maturity none of

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them will bother to run simulations or

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three Advanced civilizations would have

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the ability to create many many

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simulations and that means that there

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are far more simulated worlds than

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non-simulated ones and that makes sense

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right there aren't any plausible

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scenarios that we can think of that fall

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outside of those three buckets so the

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question then becomes which of these

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three possibilities is the most likely

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to be true the first possibility that

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all human-like civilizations in the

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universe go extinct before they develop

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the technological capacity to create

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simulated realities functions a lot like

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the great filter that we discussed in

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episode 3 with regard to the Fermi

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paradox

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and given the fact that our modern

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technological Society has created a

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world where we're constantly flirting

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with a variety of plausible apocalyptic

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scenarios in the form of nuclear weapons

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artificial intelligence viruses and

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climatological disasters this

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possibility can certainly give one pause

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it's easy to imagine countless scenarios

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just based on the last 100 years of

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human history whereby a civilization

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having reached a certain level of

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technological advancement could pretty

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quickly eradicate itself

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but I'd argue that we have more than

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sufficient data to dispatch this

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particular scenario because sure it's

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altogether possible and perhaps even

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likely that a certain percentage of

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civilizations that reach a certain level

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of advancement end up destroying

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themselves

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however for this scenario to be true all

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human-like civilizations that reach that

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point would have to destroy themselves

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and it seems pretty clear that that is

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not the case the fact that we have

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highly Advanced technological objects in

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our skies and underwater are clear

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evidence that Humanity does not

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represent the Pinnacle of technological

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progress even on our own Planet so if

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there is some kind of filtering event

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that happens at a certain level of

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technological advancement we at least

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have confirmation that some

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civilizations have made it past that

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point

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we ourselves are perhaps only a few

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decades away from creating fully

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immersive simulated environments so we

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have to assume that whatever

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intelligence is behind for example the

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Tic Tac from the infamous Nimitz

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incident that was tracked going 80 000

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feet in less than a second past that

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Milestone a long time ago so we can

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safely roll out scenario number one the

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second scenario that if any

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civilizations do Reach This phase of

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technological maturity none of them will

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bother to run simulations is a little

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more complicated after all there are

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plenty of very logical reasons why a

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civilization would choose not to

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exercise the full scope of its

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technological ability it is not in the

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best interest of any species to create

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technological objects that could

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potentially destroy or in some way

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enslave them

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creating fully immersive simulated

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environments would present that level of

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threat

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so maybe it's the case that

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civilizations that are smart enough to

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create such things choose not to do so

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however just like in scenario number one

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it's not enough that some or even most

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of the civilizations who get to that

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point choose not to create simulations

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all of them need to make that choice and

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in the case of humanity it's pretty

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clear that that is just not how we

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operate as we've discussed in previous

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episodes particularly in my recent

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interview with James Madden we seem to

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be almost Bewitched by our technology

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how else can we explain the creation of

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nuclear weapons whose only purpose is

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our destruction

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and despite the fact that the

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existential horror of that creation has

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reshaped World politics and Unleashed

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potential Futures that are so Bleak and

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so terrifying that most of us just do

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our best not to think about it we didn't

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learn our lesson

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just a few weeks ago on May 1st 2023 the

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New York Times published an article

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about Jeffrey Hinton the 75 year old

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Godfather of AI who just left his

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position at Google in a sounding alarm

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about his concerns about the very types

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of AI that he helped to bring into being

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he sees the rise of chatbot AIS as a

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very real and rapidly advancing threat

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for which we have no answer

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of his role in creating the very thing

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that he thinks could be the ultimate

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downfall of humanity as we know it he

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said I console myself with the normal

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excuse if I hadn't done it somebody else

283
00:10:41,030 --> 00:10:37,980
would have

284
00:10:42,949 --> 00:10:41,040
and we see this over and over again the

285
00:10:45,110 --> 00:10:42,959
father of the atomic bomb J Robert

286
00:10:47,449 --> 00:10:45,120
Oppenheimer famously said upon its

287
00:10:49,550 --> 00:10:47,459
detonation now I am become death

288
00:10:51,710 --> 00:10:49,560
destroyer of worlds

289
00:10:53,990 --> 00:10:51,720
and that quote seems to Echo throughout

290
00:10:56,449 --> 00:10:54,000
history with the appended usual excuse

291
00:10:57,290 --> 00:10:56,459
if I hadn't done it somebody else would

292
00:10:59,210 --> 00:10:57,300
have

293
00:11:01,850 --> 00:10:59,220
and although that kind of logic is

294
00:11:04,790 --> 00:11:01,860
chilling on its face it's hard to argue

295
00:11:06,590 --> 00:11:04,800
that it's wrong if they hadn't somebody

296
00:11:08,930 --> 00:11:06,600
else would have

297
00:11:10,790 --> 00:11:08,940
so if we look to human civilization as a

298
00:11:13,670 --> 00:11:10,800
guide it seems pretty clear that we can

299
00:11:15,590 --> 00:11:13,680
rule out scenario number two unless

300
00:11:17,329 --> 00:11:15,600
Humanity's toxic relationship with

301
00:11:19,610 --> 00:11:17,339
potentially civilization ending

302
00:11:22,130 --> 00:11:19,620
technology is some sort of a weird

303
00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:22,140
outlier that is rarely replicated Across

304
00:11:26,930 --> 00:11:24,720
the Universe it seems likely that some

305
00:11:28,910 --> 00:11:26,940
if not most human-like civilizations

306
00:11:32,030 --> 00:11:28,920
that are capable of creating simulations

307
00:11:34,130 --> 00:11:32,040
would do so regardless of the threat

308
00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:34,140
so that leaves us with scenario number

309
00:11:38,509 --> 00:11:36,660
three that advanced civilizations who

310
00:11:41,329 --> 00:11:38,519
had the ability to create simulations

311
00:11:43,069 --> 00:11:41,339
would do so and that means that there

312
00:11:44,810 --> 00:11:43,079
are far more simulated worlds than

313
00:11:47,090 --> 00:11:44,820
non-simulated ones

314
00:11:49,130 --> 00:11:47,100
so are we living in a simulation

315
00:11:52,069 --> 00:11:49,140
I don't know but if we're just playing

316
00:11:53,990 --> 00:11:52,079
the odds I wouldn't bet against it

317
00:11:56,030 --> 00:11:54,000
but maybe we don't need to rely on

318
00:11:58,850 --> 00:11:56,040
probabilities to figure this one out

319
00:12:01,730 --> 00:11:58,860
after all if we're in a simulation there

320
00:12:03,110 --> 00:12:01,740
should be signs right hypothetically we

321
00:12:05,449 --> 00:12:03,120
should be able to take what we know

322
00:12:07,069 --> 00:12:05,459
about simulations and extrapolate some

323
00:12:09,170 --> 00:12:07,079
kind of a testable set of assumptions

324
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:09,180
that would help us determine whether

325
00:12:13,910 --> 00:12:11,040
what we experience as reality is

326
00:12:15,769 --> 00:12:13,920
actually real or only simulated

327
00:12:18,530 --> 00:12:15,779
and eerily when we do this thought

328
00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:18,540
exercise we find that our reality does

329
00:12:22,370 --> 00:12:20,880
in fact look and behave much like we

330
00:12:24,050 --> 00:12:22,380
would expect it to if it were a

331
00:12:25,790 --> 00:12:24,060
simulation

332
00:12:27,949 --> 00:12:25,800
first of all if we're living in a

333
00:12:30,170 --> 00:12:27,959
simulation we'd expect that simulation

334
00:12:31,790 --> 00:12:30,180
to be self-contained and this

335
00:12:33,650 --> 00:12:31,800
containment would reveal itself as

336
00:12:34,370 --> 00:12:33,660
limits in our knowledge about where we

337
00:12:36,290 --> 00:12:34,380
are

338
00:12:37,790 --> 00:12:36,300
just like you can't find the edge of the

339
00:12:39,829 --> 00:12:37,800
world in World of Warcraft and then

340
00:12:41,870 --> 00:12:39,839
climb out of the server there would be

341
00:12:44,629 --> 00:12:41,880
boundaries past which we would have no

342
00:12:46,430 --> 00:12:44,639
access and past that boundary we'd have

343
00:12:47,990 --> 00:12:46,440
no ability to have knowledge of the

344
00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:48,000
outside conditions

345
00:12:52,069 --> 00:12:49,860
as we discussed in the last episode

346
00:12:54,110 --> 00:12:52,079
These sorts of limits and boundaries at

347
00:12:56,449 --> 00:12:54,120
the edges of our reality do seem to

348
00:12:59,150 --> 00:12:56,459
exist we're taught that the fabric of

349
00:13:00,829 --> 00:12:59,160
our reality is space-time but space and

350
00:13:03,470 --> 00:13:00,839
time can only exist in relation to

351
00:13:05,930 --> 00:13:03,480
matter so before the Big Bang there was

352
00:13:08,509 --> 00:13:05,940
no space time and therefore no reality

353
00:13:10,190 --> 00:13:08,519
to speak of this is why scientists tell

354
00:13:13,310 --> 00:13:10,200
us that asking what happened before the

355
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:13,320
Big Bang is meaningless and yet it seems

356
00:13:17,210 --> 00:13:15,360
inconceivable that all of existence

357
00:13:19,610 --> 00:13:17,220
could spring out of true nothingness

358
00:13:22,129 --> 00:13:19,620
which in and of itself is as impossible

359
00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:22,139
to conceptualize as it is to prove

360
00:13:27,170 --> 00:13:24,720
so we have this hint that surely

361
00:13:29,750 --> 00:13:27,180
something must have existed before the

362
00:13:32,509 --> 00:13:29,760
Big Bang even if our particular Universe

363
00:13:34,250 --> 00:13:32,519
didn't but we have no way of accessing

364
00:13:37,250 --> 00:13:34,260
that knowledge of what happened before

365
00:13:40,370 --> 00:13:37,260
the Big Bang beyond that point the very

366
00:13:42,590 --> 00:13:40,380
fabric of our own reality ceases to be

367
00:13:45,530 --> 00:13:42,600
so whatever reality may exist beyond

368
00:13:47,269 --> 00:13:45,540
that Horizon is utterly unknowable and

369
00:13:50,090 --> 00:13:47,279
not only do we know that the space-time

370
00:13:52,430 --> 00:13:50,100
we experience hasn't always existed we

371
00:13:53,930 --> 00:13:52,440
also know that it can break down at the

372
00:13:55,910 --> 00:13:53,940
center of a black hole matter is

373
00:13:58,069 --> 00:13:55,920
compressed down into an infinitely tiny

374
00:13:59,090 --> 00:13:58,079
Point obliterating our Concepts as face

375
00:14:01,250 --> 00:13:59,100
and time

376
00:14:03,590 --> 00:14:01,260
so we find ourselves embedded in

377
00:14:05,569 --> 00:14:03,600
space-time a substrate of reality that

378
00:14:08,269 --> 00:14:05,579
appears to be able to be both created

379
00:14:10,190 --> 00:14:08,279
and destroyed and from what we can tell

380
00:14:12,350 --> 00:14:10,200
mathematically it seems that our

381
00:14:15,590 --> 00:14:12,360
particular instantiation of space-time

382
00:14:17,329 --> 00:14:15,600
has a definitive beginning around 13.8

383
00:14:19,610 --> 00:14:17,339
billion years ago

384
00:14:21,889 --> 00:14:19,620
basically we find ourselves in a

385
00:14:24,530 --> 00:14:21,899
self-contained system the boundaries of

386
00:14:26,569 --> 00:14:24,540
which are entirely opaque to us we have

387
00:14:28,490 --> 00:14:26,579
no way of knowing what conditions if any

388
00:14:30,710 --> 00:14:28,500
exist outside of our known universe

389
00:14:33,050 --> 00:14:30,720
which is exactly what we'd expect to see

390
00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:33,060
if we were in a simulation

391
00:14:37,490 --> 00:14:36,000
okay but that's just one example there

392
00:14:38,810 --> 00:14:37,500
are certainly other potential reasons

393
00:14:41,449 --> 00:14:38,820
for why we don't know what happened

394
00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:41,459
before the Big Bang and considering how

395
00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:42,720
much of the story of The Big Bang

396
00:14:46,910 --> 00:14:45,000
doesn't make sense it seems reasonable

397
00:14:48,769 --> 00:14:46,920
to allow that we might know more about

398
00:14:50,750 --> 00:14:48,779
what happened before the beginning of

399
00:14:53,090 --> 00:14:50,760
time at some point in the future

400
00:14:55,009 --> 00:14:53,100
or more likely we might learn something

401
00:14:57,410 --> 00:14:55,019
about the nature of our reality that

402
00:14:58,850 --> 00:14:57,420
will render all of these questions moot

403
00:15:01,189 --> 00:14:58,860
so there's no need to jump to

404
00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:01,199
conclusions for us to seriously consider

405
00:15:04,189 --> 00:15:02,760
this possibility we'd need more

406
00:15:06,230 --> 00:15:04,199
supporting evidence

407
00:15:08,329 --> 00:15:06,240
but you might be surprised at how much

408
00:15:10,670 --> 00:15:08,339
supporting evidence there is for example

409
00:15:12,110 --> 00:15:10,680
another characteristic of reality that

410
00:15:13,970 --> 00:15:12,120
we'd expect to find if we were in a

411
00:15:15,949 --> 00:15:13,980
simulation is that it would be perfectly

412
00:15:17,509 --> 00:15:15,959
calibrated to support the particular

413
00:15:20,389 --> 00:15:17,519
conditions it was programmed to be

414
00:15:21,650 --> 00:15:20,399
simulating right it's so obvious that

415
00:15:24,170 --> 00:15:21,660
that would be true that it's almost

416
00:15:26,389 --> 00:15:24,180
meaningless to say it the whole point of

417
00:15:28,430 --> 00:15:26,399
a simulation is that it simulates a very

418
00:15:30,290 --> 00:15:28,440
particular set of conditions

419
00:15:32,689 --> 00:15:30,300
so if we assume that we are in a

420
00:15:34,550 --> 00:15:32,699
simulation where we live on earth then

421
00:15:36,350 --> 00:15:34,560
everything in that simulation would be

422
00:15:38,689 --> 00:15:36,360
perfectly calibrated to create the

423
00:15:40,069 --> 00:15:38,699
conditions on earth once again this is

424
00:15:41,030 --> 00:15:40,079
super obvious to the point of being

425
00:15:43,009 --> 00:15:41,040
meaningless

426
00:15:44,810 --> 00:15:43,019
so why do I bring it up

427
00:15:46,670 --> 00:15:44,820
well as you'll recall from our last

428
00:15:49,129 --> 00:15:46,680
episode the universe in which we find

429
00:15:51,650 --> 00:15:49,139
ourselves seems to be uncannily well

430
00:15:54,170 --> 00:15:51,660
suited to support the existence of life

431
00:15:56,210 --> 00:15:54,180
for example if the Big Bang had been one

432
00:15:57,650 --> 00:15:56,220
part in a million more powerful it would

433
00:15:59,389 --> 00:15:57,660
have expanded too quickly for the

434
00:16:01,730 --> 00:15:59,399
galaxies and therefore life to develop

435
00:16:04,370 --> 00:16:01,740
if the strong nuclear force were

436
00:16:06,590 --> 00:16:04,380
decreased by just two percent Atomic

437
00:16:07,730 --> 00:16:06,600
nuclei wouldn't hold together and the

438
00:16:10,670 --> 00:16:07,740
universe would be filled with nothing

439
00:16:13,129 --> 00:16:10,680
but hydrogen if the gravitational force

440
00:16:15,590 --> 00:16:13,139
were decreased by just a hair Stars

441
00:16:17,569 --> 00:16:15,600
including the sun wouldn't ignite

442
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:17,579
these are just a couple of the more than

443
00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:19,920
200 physical parameters within the

444
00:16:24,410 --> 00:16:21,600
universe that had to be precisely

445
00:16:26,150 --> 00:16:24,420
calibrated for life to be possible if

446
00:16:28,610 --> 00:16:26,160
even one of these parameters were off

447
00:16:30,949 --> 00:16:28,620
even slightly the likely result would

448
00:16:32,810 --> 00:16:30,959
have been a universe devoid of life

449
00:16:34,610 --> 00:16:32,820
the chances of the Big Bang would result

450
00:16:37,370 --> 00:16:34,620
in a universe that is suitable to life

451
00:16:39,230 --> 00:16:37,380
are so vanishingly small but it becomes

452
00:16:41,090 --> 00:16:39,240
very difficult to posit any sort of

453
00:16:42,470 --> 00:16:41,100
irrational explanation for how it

454
00:16:44,210 --> 00:16:42,480
actually happened

455
00:16:45,889 --> 00:16:44,220
some would argue that the fact that we

456
00:16:47,509 --> 00:16:45,899
exist and are here to ask the question

457
00:16:50,269 --> 00:16:47,519
of why the universe is perfectly

458
00:16:52,370 --> 00:16:50,279
calibrated to support life presupposes

459
00:16:54,829 --> 00:16:52,380
that life exists and so the question is

460
00:16:57,170 --> 00:16:54,839
moot but that kind of circular logic

461
00:16:59,150 --> 00:16:57,180
doesn't actually explain anything the

462
00:17:01,189 --> 00:16:59,160
only thing it accomplishes is taking the

463
00:17:03,470 --> 00:17:01,199
very legitimate question of how we

464
00:17:06,169 --> 00:17:03,480
manage such a lucky role of the cosmic

465
00:17:08,630 --> 00:17:06,179
Dice and makes it out of bounds

466
00:17:10,490 --> 00:17:08,640
but if the universe is a simulation then

467
00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:10,500
suddenly we have a very straightforward

468
00:17:14,329 --> 00:17:12,480
explanation for why it's so perfectly

469
00:17:16,850 --> 00:17:14,339
calibrated to support life

470
00:17:18,169 --> 00:17:16,860
it was created to be and it would

471
00:17:20,809 --> 00:17:18,179
suggest that the purpose of the

472
00:17:23,030 --> 00:17:20,819
simulation is deeply tied to life itself

473
00:17:25,610 --> 00:17:23,040
perhaps it's to study how life evolves

474
00:17:27,350 --> 00:17:25,620
over eons we don't know and without

475
00:17:30,049 --> 00:17:27,360
access to knowledge outside of the

476
00:17:32,270 --> 00:17:30,059
system it would be impossible to prove

477
00:17:35,090 --> 00:17:32,280
but as far-fetched as the simulation

478
00:17:36,890 --> 00:17:35,100
hypothesis may sound we have to admit

479
00:17:39,110 --> 00:17:36,900
that it does have at least some

480
00:17:41,510 --> 00:17:39,120
explanatory power in Realms where we'd

481
00:17:43,970 --> 00:17:41,520
previously had only questions

482
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:43,980
okay now admittedly those first two

483
00:17:46,909 --> 00:17:45,600
examples are interesting but they're

484
00:17:48,710 --> 00:17:46,919
hardly The Smoking Gun in our

485
00:17:50,990 --> 00:17:48,720
investigation into whether or not we're

486
00:17:53,330 --> 00:17:51,000
living in a simulation with both

487
00:17:55,789 --> 00:17:53,340
examples we have no real way to verify

488
00:17:57,350 --> 00:17:55,799
or falsify the hypothesis so we're left

489
00:17:59,450 --> 00:17:57,360
with only conjecture

490
00:18:01,490 --> 00:17:59,460
one of the main problems with proving

491
00:18:03,409 --> 00:18:01,500
whether or not we're in a simulation is

492
00:18:05,510 --> 00:18:03,419
that anything that we can observe by

493
00:18:07,669 --> 00:18:05,520
definition would be a part of the

494
00:18:09,409 --> 00:18:07,679
simulation and without access to

495
00:18:12,049 --> 00:18:09,419
information from outside of the system

496
00:18:14,510 --> 00:18:12,059
we have no way to say decisively whether

497
00:18:16,909 --> 00:18:14,520
we are in a simulation or not however

498
00:18:18,830 --> 00:18:16,919
some have argued that there would be one

499
00:18:20,390 --> 00:18:18,840
artifact from the outside world that

500
00:18:22,850 --> 00:18:20,400
would be discoverable within a

501
00:18:25,669 --> 00:18:22,860
simulation and that artifact is the

502
00:18:27,590 --> 00:18:25,679
simulations processing speed processing

503
00:18:30,710 --> 00:18:27,600
speed refers to how quickly a computer

504
00:18:32,810 --> 00:18:30,720
can process data or instructions so if

505
00:18:34,669 --> 00:18:32,820
hypothetically our reality is being

506
00:18:37,010 --> 00:18:34,679
simulated and is being hosted on

507
00:18:38,750 --> 00:18:37,020
something like a server somewhere then

508
00:18:40,610 --> 00:18:38,760
the hardware that it's running on would

509
00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:40,620
leave an artifact within the world of

510
00:18:45,890 --> 00:18:42,720
the simulation in the form of how fast

511
00:18:47,330 --> 00:18:45,900
it can process data in other words all

512
00:18:49,010 --> 00:18:47,340
the other laws and rules of the

513
00:18:52,310 --> 00:18:49,020
simulation would be a result of the

514
00:18:54,409 --> 00:18:52,320
simulation itself or the software but

515
00:18:56,930 --> 00:18:54,419
processing speed is a result of the

516
00:18:59,330 --> 00:18:56,940
hardware on which the software runs

517
00:19:01,430 --> 00:18:59,340
so if you're a character in a video game

518
00:19:03,890 --> 00:19:01,440
all of the laws of the game would be a

519
00:19:05,930 --> 00:19:03,900
part of the simulation but no matter how

520
00:19:08,450 --> 00:19:05,940
complete and perfect the simulation was

521
00:19:10,370 --> 00:19:08,460
anything you did within the game would

522
00:19:12,049 --> 00:19:10,380
be constrained by the processor speed

523
00:19:14,390 --> 00:19:12,059
because the hardware on which it's

524
00:19:17,029 --> 00:19:14,400
running by its very nature can only

525
00:19:19,130 --> 00:19:17,039
process so much information at once

526
00:19:20,990 --> 00:19:19,140
so it would be impossible for you to do

527
00:19:23,390 --> 00:19:21,000
anything faster than the time it took

528
00:19:25,490 --> 00:19:23,400
the hardware to process that information

529
00:19:27,950 --> 00:19:25,500
it follows then that if we live in a

530
00:19:30,110 --> 00:19:27,960
simulation our universe should also have

531
00:19:32,450 --> 00:19:30,120
such an artifact but what would that

532
00:19:34,190 --> 00:19:32,460
look like by reverse engineering what

533
00:19:36,590 --> 00:19:34,200
the artifact would look like to us from

534
00:19:38,690 --> 00:19:36,600
inside the simulation we have a starting

535
00:19:40,669 --> 00:19:38,700
point to determine if such an artifact

536
00:19:42,590 --> 00:19:40,679
exists in our reality

537
00:19:44,750 --> 00:19:42,600
first of all the artifact would be

538
00:19:46,310 --> 00:19:44,760
unaffected by anything going on in the

539
00:19:48,350 --> 00:19:46,320
simulation and would be basically

540
00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:48,360
irrelevant within the simulated reality

541
00:19:52,070 --> 00:19:50,640
until you tried to do something that

542
00:19:54,289 --> 00:19:52,080
required the hardware to process

543
00:19:55,070 --> 00:19:54,299
information more quickly than it's able

544
00:19:57,230 --> 00:19:55,080
to

545
00:19:59,450 --> 00:19:57,240
the way that we'd experience that inside

546
00:20:01,130 --> 00:19:59,460
of the simulation would be as an upper

547
00:20:03,350 --> 00:20:01,140
limit of some kind

548
00:20:05,090 --> 00:20:03,360
another property of the artifact is that

549
00:20:06,770 --> 00:20:05,100
it would not be able to be explained by

550
00:20:08,990 --> 00:20:06,780
the underlying laws of the simulation

551
00:20:11,690 --> 00:20:09,000
because it's separate from those laws

552
00:20:13,970 --> 00:20:11,700
again the artifact is a result of the

553
00:20:16,669 --> 00:20:13,980
hardware all of the other laws are a

554
00:20:18,529 --> 00:20:16,679
result of the software as a result this

555
00:20:20,870 --> 00:20:18,539
artifact would be taken as a given

556
00:20:23,029 --> 00:20:20,880
within the simulation we wouldn't be

557
00:20:24,890 --> 00:20:23,039
able to explain why it existed we just

558
00:20:26,690 --> 00:20:24,900
know that it did exist when we bumped up

559
00:20:28,610 --> 00:20:26,700
against its upper limit

560
00:20:30,710 --> 00:20:28,620
and finally the artifact would be

561
00:20:32,390 --> 00:20:30,720
absolute there would be no exceptions

562
00:20:33,830 --> 00:20:32,400
because there would be no situation in

563
00:20:35,450 --> 00:20:33,840
which the hardware would be able to

564
00:20:36,590 --> 00:20:35,460
process more information than it can

565
00:20:39,049 --> 00:20:36,600
process

566
00:20:41,330 --> 00:20:39,059
so when we put all of this together the

567
00:20:43,010 --> 00:20:41,340
artifact would be an inviolable law of

568
00:20:45,049 --> 00:20:43,020
the universe the cause for which we

569
00:20:46,970 --> 00:20:45,059
can't explain but which operates as a

570
00:20:49,010 --> 00:20:46,980
basic underlying law of physics and

571
00:20:49,789 --> 00:20:49,020
which only reveals itself as an upper

572
00:20:51,590 --> 00:20:49,799
limit

573
00:20:53,690 --> 00:20:51,600
and when we consider the artifact in

574
00:20:55,610 --> 00:20:53,700
this way it becomes clear that there is

575
00:20:58,070 --> 00:20:55,620
something within our reality that has

576
00:20:58,909 --> 00:20:58,080
all of these properties the speed of

577
00:21:03,470 --> 00:20:58,919
light

578
00:21:05,210 --> 00:21:03,480
speed limit of the universe as far as we

579
00:21:06,950 --> 00:21:05,220
know it's not possible for anything to

580
00:21:08,630 --> 00:21:06,960
move faster than that and there's

581
00:21:10,970 --> 00:21:08,640
nothing within the laws of physics that

582
00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:10,980
explains why this is the case but we

583
00:21:14,450 --> 00:21:12,720
know that it is because it serves as an

584
00:21:15,830 --> 00:21:14,460
upper limit that is absolute and can't

585
00:21:17,810 --> 00:21:15,840
be violated

586
00:21:19,490 --> 00:21:17,820
so could the speed of light be an

587
00:21:22,010 --> 00:21:19,500
artifact of the hardware on which the

588
00:21:23,870 --> 00:21:22,020
simulation of our reality is run there's

589
00:21:25,730 --> 00:21:23,880
no way to know for sure but there are

590
00:21:26,930 --> 00:21:25,740
many that would argue that that is proof

591
00:21:29,090 --> 00:21:26,940
positive that we're living in a

592
00:21:30,649 --> 00:21:29,100
simulation and as we move on to examine

593
00:21:33,890 --> 00:21:30,659
other evidence that we may be living in

594
00:21:36,890 --> 00:21:33,900
a simulation things only get spookier

595
00:21:39,169 --> 00:21:36,900
let's talk about rendering if we use the

596
00:21:41,390 --> 00:21:39,179
example of a video game rendering is the

597
00:21:43,610 --> 00:21:41,400
process of generating an image from a 2d

598
00:21:44,750 --> 00:21:43,620
or a 3D model by means of a computer

599
00:21:46,370 --> 00:21:44,760
program

600
00:21:48,169 --> 00:21:46,380
As you move through the world of the

601
00:21:49,970 --> 00:21:48,179
video game it renders the world of the

602
00:21:51,350 --> 00:21:49,980
game in front of you from the underlying

603
00:21:52,850 --> 00:21:51,360
code of the game

604
00:21:54,890 --> 00:21:52,860
and for the purposes of this

605
00:21:57,350 --> 00:21:54,900
conversation it's important to recognize

606
00:21:59,390 --> 00:21:57,360
that the video game only renders what is

607
00:22:01,430 --> 00:21:59,400
in front of you and that makes a lot of

608
00:22:03,470 --> 00:22:01,440
sense because if the game had to

609
00:22:05,330 --> 00:22:03,480
continually render the entire world of

610
00:22:07,789 --> 00:22:05,340
the game it would waste a ton of

611
00:22:09,649 --> 00:22:07,799
resources and be extremely inefficient

612
00:22:11,870 --> 00:22:09,659
so the world of the video game only

613
00:22:14,330 --> 00:22:11,880
exists as a programmed possibility

614
00:22:16,370 --> 00:22:14,340
within the game until it comes into your

615
00:22:17,990 --> 00:22:16,380
character's field of vision

616
00:22:19,490 --> 00:22:18,000
and if this reminds you of the

617
00:22:21,230 --> 00:22:19,500
implications of the double slit

618
00:22:23,690 --> 00:22:21,240
experiment then you see where I'm going

619
00:22:25,370 --> 00:22:23,700
with this we've already discussed the

620
00:22:28,310 --> 00:22:25,380
double slit experiment in quantum

621
00:22:29,870 --> 00:22:28,320
mechanics in episodes 5 and 19. so if

622
00:22:31,130 --> 00:22:29,880
you need a refresher I'll have those

623
00:22:33,289 --> 00:22:31,140
linked up with the appropriate

624
00:22:34,669 --> 00:22:33,299
timestamps in the episode brief so that

625
00:22:37,250 --> 00:22:34,679
you can listen to those sections again

626
00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:37,260
I'm going to move forward here assuming

627
00:22:40,070 --> 00:22:38,880
that you already have a handle on those

628
00:22:42,890 --> 00:22:40,080
ideas

629
00:22:44,630 --> 00:22:42,900
for many people myself included the

630
00:22:46,310 --> 00:22:44,640
clear implications of the double slit

631
00:22:48,710 --> 00:22:46,320
experiment is that everything that we

632
00:22:50,390 --> 00:22:48,720
experience in our reality exists in a

633
00:22:53,570 --> 00:22:50,400
probabilistic state of superposition

634
00:22:55,789 --> 00:22:53,580
until it is observed the very active

635
00:22:58,070 --> 00:22:55,799
observation causes these probabilistic

636
00:22:59,810 --> 00:22:58,080
outcomes to resolve themselves into one

637
00:23:01,789 --> 00:22:59,820
definite reality

638
00:23:03,470 --> 00:23:01,799
now granted there are plenty of

639
00:23:05,029 --> 00:23:03,480
scientists out there who do not agree

640
00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:05,039
with that interpretation of quantum

641
00:23:08,450 --> 00:23:07,200
mechanics and the reason for that is

642
00:23:10,070 --> 00:23:08,460
that it breaks everything that we

643
00:23:11,510 --> 00:23:10,080
thought we knew about what the world is

644
00:23:13,850 --> 00:23:11,520
and how it works

645
00:23:15,649 --> 00:23:13,860
at around seven or eight months of age a

646
00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:15,659
baby begins to develop an understanding

647
00:23:20,330 --> 00:23:18,240
of object permanence in this important

648
00:23:21,890 --> 00:23:20,340
developmental stage a baby learns that

649
00:23:24,590 --> 00:23:21,900
something that is hidden out of their

650
00:23:25,370 --> 00:23:24,600
view still exists even if they can't see

651
00:23:26,870 --> 00:23:25,380
it

652
00:23:28,610 --> 00:23:26,880
this is why there's such a sharp

653
00:23:30,289 --> 00:23:28,620
drop-off and how much you can blow a

654
00:23:32,870 --> 00:23:30,299
baby's mind with a game of peekaboo

655
00:23:34,549 --> 00:23:32,880
after a certain age they understand that

656
00:23:36,110 --> 00:23:34,559
you're still there behind your hands and

657
00:23:37,970 --> 00:23:36,120
The Jig Is Up

658
00:23:39,710 --> 00:23:37,980
the understanding that things are still

659
00:23:41,390 --> 00:23:39,720
there even if we can't see them is

660
00:23:43,010 --> 00:23:41,400
fundamental to the ways that we model

661
00:23:44,149 --> 00:23:43,020
the world as we learn and grow into

662
00:23:46,669 --> 00:23:44,159
adulthood

663
00:23:48,590 --> 00:23:46,679
without object permanence you'd never

664
00:23:50,750 --> 00:23:48,600
know where you left your keys or how to

665
00:23:52,610 --> 00:23:50,760
get to the grocery store the concept

666
00:23:54,289 --> 00:23:52,620
that objects are objectively still there

667
00:23:55,970 --> 00:23:54,299
even when we aren't looking at them as

668
00:23:57,350 --> 00:23:55,980
one of our most basic meaning making

669
00:23:59,570 --> 00:23:57,360
constructs

670
00:24:01,549 --> 00:23:59,580
and so it's easy to understand why so

671
00:24:03,770 --> 00:24:01,559
many outright reject the idea that

672
00:24:04,850 --> 00:24:03,780
nothing objectively exists until it's

673
00:24:06,950 --> 00:24:04,860
observed

674
00:24:08,810 --> 00:24:06,960
the implications of quantum mechanics

675
00:24:11,029 --> 00:24:08,820
turn our most basic assumptions about

676
00:24:13,250 --> 00:24:11,039
the nature of reality on its head

677
00:24:15,470 --> 00:24:13,260
but despite their protestations the

678
00:24:17,270 --> 00:24:15,480
naysayers aren't able to offer any kind

679
00:24:19,070 --> 00:24:17,280
of attainable alternative

680
00:24:20,390 --> 00:24:19,080
some simply throw up their hands and

681
00:24:21,950 --> 00:24:20,400
claim the quantum mechanics is

682
00:24:23,090 --> 00:24:21,960
impossible to understand and doesn't

683
00:24:25,310 --> 00:24:23,100
make sense

684
00:24:27,110 --> 00:24:25,320
and yet quantum mechanics is one of the

685
00:24:29,570 --> 00:24:27,120
most successful quantitative theories

686
00:24:31,490 --> 00:24:29,580
ever produced not a single one of the

687
00:24:33,529 --> 00:24:31,500
untold thousands of experiments done to

688
00:24:35,930 --> 00:24:33,539
test it has ever found the basic

689
00:24:37,549 --> 00:24:35,940
principles to be an error so how could

690
00:24:40,490 --> 00:24:37,559
something that can't possibly be right

691
00:24:42,710 --> 00:24:40,500
work so well perhaps the answer is that

692
00:24:43,730 --> 00:24:42,720
the nature of our reality isn't what we

693
00:24:45,890 --> 00:24:43,740
think it is

694
00:24:47,630 --> 00:24:45,900
we expect the things objectively exist

695
00:24:49,850 --> 00:24:47,640
whether or not someone is there to

696
00:24:51,890 --> 00:24:49,860
observe them but quantum mechanics

697
00:24:54,169 --> 00:24:51,900
suggests that at the most fundamental

698
00:24:56,330 --> 00:24:54,179
Atomic level that's not the way it works

699
00:24:58,010 --> 00:24:56,340
and the way it actually works ends up

700
00:25:00,409 --> 00:24:58,020
looking a lot more like the way the

701
00:25:02,510 --> 00:25:00,419
world is rendered in a video game

702
00:25:04,789 --> 00:25:02,520
another clue that we might be living in

703
00:25:06,830 --> 00:25:04,799
a simulation is that much like in the

704
00:25:07,970 --> 00:25:06,840
world of a video game reality is

705
00:25:09,950 --> 00:25:07,980
pixelated

706
00:25:11,750 --> 00:25:09,960
now to be clear I'm not saying that

707
00:25:14,270 --> 00:25:11,760
reality is literally made out of pixels

708
00:25:16,490 --> 00:25:14,280
but rather I'm pointing to the concept

709
00:25:18,649 --> 00:25:16,500
that just like an image that is rendered

710
00:25:21,049 --> 00:25:18,659
on a screen when you zoom in close

711
00:25:22,730 --> 00:25:21,059
enough you see that reality isn't one

712
00:25:23,990 --> 00:25:22,740
continuous hole in the way that we

713
00:25:25,789 --> 00:25:24,000
perceive it

714
00:25:27,830 --> 00:25:25,799
reality as we know it is actually

715
00:25:30,830 --> 00:25:27,840
composed of countless tiny particles

716
00:25:33,230 --> 00:25:30,840
from atoms to quarks to electrons which

717
00:25:35,210 --> 00:25:33,240
make up everything in the universe

718
00:25:36,649 --> 00:25:35,220
the behavior of these particles is

719
00:25:37,730 --> 00:25:36,659
governed by the laws of quantum

720
00:25:39,590 --> 00:25:37,740
mechanics

721
00:25:41,870 --> 00:25:39,600
one of the most remarkable aspects of

722
00:25:44,750 --> 00:25:41,880
quantum mechanics is that it reveals

723
00:25:46,850 --> 00:25:44,760
that reality is quantized this means

724
00:25:49,430 --> 00:25:46,860
that energy momentum and other physical

725
00:25:52,010 --> 00:25:49,440
quantities can only exist in discrete

726
00:25:54,470 --> 00:25:52,020
indivisible units that come together to

727
00:25:56,690 --> 00:25:54,480
form the whole much like how individual

728
00:25:58,970 --> 00:25:56,700
pixels on a screen come together to form

729
00:26:01,190 --> 00:25:58,980
an image

730
00:26:03,590 --> 00:26:01,200
if we lived in a simulation we'd expect

731
00:26:05,630 --> 00:26:03,600
to see much the same thing any

732
00:26:07,610 --> 00:26:05,640
simulation would ultimately have a

733
00:26:09,890 --> 00:26:07,620
finite resolution that would reveal

734
00:26:12,289 --> 00:26:09,900
itself as discrete indivisible units

735
00:26:14,630 --> 00:26:12,299
much like pixels which is exactly what

736
00:26:16,549 --> 00:26:14,640
we see another potential sign that we're

737
00:26:19,010 --> 00:26:16,559
living in a simulation would be the

738
00:26:21,350 --> 00:26:19,020
appearance of glitches in The Matrix

739
00:26:23,630 --> 00:26:21,360
if our reality operates in a way similar

740
00:26:25,730 --> 00:26:23,640
to a video game we'd expect that

741
00:26:27,289 --> 00:26:25,740
occasionally we'd encounter bugs or

742
00:26:29,390 --> 00:26:27,299
errors that disrupt the game's

743
00:26:31,310 --> 00:26:29,400
continuity or consistency

744
00:26:33,409 --> 00:26:31,320
if we're in a simulation small

745
00:26:35,330 --> 00:26:33,419
inconsistencies could be the result of

746
00:26:38,029 --> 00:26:35,340
changes or errors made by whoever's

747
00:26:39,830 --> 00:26:38,039
running it these glitches may result in

748
00:26:42,110 --> 00:26:39,840
alterations to our shared histories

749
00:26:43,610 --> 00:26:42,120
creating discrepancies between our

750
00:26:45,350 --> 00:26:43,620
Collective memories and the reality

751
00:26:48,110 --> 00:26:45,360
that's presented to us

752
00:26:50,450 --> 00:26:48,120
and strangely there is some significant

753
00:26:52,490 --> 00:26:50,460
evidence to support this in particular

754
00:26:56,810 --> 00:26:52,500
the Mandela effect

755
00:26:59,750 --> 00:26:56,820
coined by paranormal consultant Fiona

756
00:27:01,549 --> 00:26:59,760
Broome in 2010 to describe a collective

757
00:27:03,890 --> 00:27:01,559
false memory she discovered at a

758
00:27:06,529 --> 00:27:03,900
convention where many people including

759
00:27:08,990 --> 00:27:06,539
herself remembered Nelson Mandela dying

760
00:27:11,930 --> 00:27:09,000
in prison during the 1980s even though

761
00:27:13,850 --> 00:27:11,940
he actually passed away in 2013. the

762
00:27:16,190 --> 00:27:13,860
phenomenon is marked by a large number

763
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:16,200
of people sharing what appears to be an

764
00:27:20,810 --> 00:27:18,480
incorrect memory which raises major

765
00:27:23,690 --> 00:27:20,820
questions about both the nature of our

766
00:27:25,730 --> 00:27:23,700
reality and our perception of it and

767
00:27:28,370 --> 00:27:25,740
this phenomenon is not isolated to the

768
00:27:29,930 --> 00:27:28,380
case of Nelson Mandela one instance of

769
00:27:32,510 --> 00:27:29,940
the Mandela effect that I have always

770
00:27:35,029 --> 00:27:32,520
found particularly maddening involves Ed

771
00:27:37,970 --> 00:27:35,039
McMahon and Publishers Clearinghouse

772
00:27:40,250 --> 00:27:37,980
many people myself included distinctly

773
00:27:41,990 --> 00:27:40,260
remember McMahon delivering oversized

774
00:27:44,029 --> 00:27:42,000
checks to Winners homes as part of the

775
00:27:46,789 --> 00:27:44,039
Publisher's Clearinghouse Sweepstakes

776
00:27:48,950 --> 00:27:46,799
in my case if anyone had asked me who Ed

777
00:27:51,049 --> 00:27:48,960
McMahon was that would have been the

778
00:27:52,669 --> 00:27:51,059
first thing I said about him and I would

779
00:27:56,269 --> 00:27:52,679
have bet any amount of money that I was

780
00:27:59,510 --> 00:27:56,279
right I mean I saw that I know I did

781
00:28:01,310 --> 00:27:59,520
and yet in actuality McMahon was never

782
00:28:03,649 --> 00:28:01,320
associated with Publishers Clearinghouse

783
00:28:05,630 --> 00:28:03,659
he did actually work for a different

784
00:28:08,210 --> 00:28:05,640
sweepstakes company called American

785
00:28:10,730 --> 00:28:08,220
Family Publishers but he never went to

786
00:28:13,190 --> 00:28:10,740
anyone's house and he never held a giant

787
00:28:15,110 --> 00:28:13,200
check so why do so many of us remember

788
00:28:16,909 --> 00:28:15,120
it that way

789
00:28:18,769 --> 00:28:16,919
for me though perhaps the most

790
00:28:21,890 --> 00:28:18,779
disturbing example of the Mandela effect

791
00:28:24,409 --> 00:28:21,900
is The Berenstein Bears I grew up with

792
00:28:26,870 --> 00:28:24,419
shelves full of Berenstein bear books I

793
00:28:28,430 --> 00:28:26,880
watched the show every day both were

794
00:28:31,070 --> 00:28:28,440
very Central to my early childhood

795
00:28:32,870 --> 00:28:31,080
memories and as a kid who was obsessed

796
00:28:34,430 --> 00:28:32,880
with words and with spelling it's

797
00:28:36,710 --> 00:28:34,440
virtually impossible for me to believe

798
00:28:38,930 --> 00:28:36,720
that this whole time it wasn't the

799
00:28:41,870 --> 00:28:38,940
Berenstein Bears but the Berenstain

800
00:28:43,909 --> 00:28:41,880
Bears and yet every shred of available

801
00:28:44,750 --> 00:28:43,919
evidence seems to indicate that this was

802
00:28:46,850 --> 00:28:44,760
the case

803
00:28:48,529 --> 00:28:46,860
when I'm in a used bookstore I always

804
00:28:50,570 --> 00:28:48,539
make sure to swing by the kids section

805
00:28:52,549 --> 00:28:50,580
because I still have this irrational

806
00:28:54,169 --> 00:28:52,559
feeling that one day I'll be able to

807
00:28:57,110 --> 00:28:54,179
find a copy of a book that says

808
00:28:59,630 --> 00:28:57,120
Berenstein instead of Berenstain I never

809
00:29:01,730 --> 00:28:59,640
have but the uncomfortable dissonance of

810
00:29:04,190 --> 00:29:01,740
this impossible memory means that I'll

811
00:29:06,110 --> 00:29:04,200
probably never stop trying there are

812
00:29:07,970 --> 00:29:06,120
plenty of other examples of the Mandela

813
00:29:09,409 --> 00:29:07,980
effect that you can explore I'll be sure

814
00:29:11,090 --> 00:29:09,419
to include some links in the episode

815
00:29:13,250 --> 00:29:11,100
brief if you'd like to take a deeper

816
00:29:15,289 --> 00:29:13,260
dive if you've never looked into it

817
00:29:17,570 --> 00:29:15,299
before it's definitely a fun Rabbit Hole

818
00:29:20,090 --> 00:29:17,580
to go down there are tons of examples

819
00:29:22,010 --> 00:29:20,100
and if the ones I share didn't resonate

820
00:29:24,350 --> 00:29:22,020
and you found yourself thinking uh oh

821
00:29:26,810 --> 00:29:24,360
Kelly's lost it I'd encourage you to

822
00:29:28,730 --> 00:29:26,820
look up some other examples most people

823
00:29:31,190 --> 00:29:28,740
seem to share at least a few of these

824
00:29:32,750 --> 00:29:31,200
seemingly false memories and it's trippy

825
00:29:35,029 --> 00:29:32,760
when you realize that something that you

826
00:29:37,250 --> 00:29:35,039
were so certain of turns out to not be

827
00:29:38,930 --> 00:29:37,260
real especially when millions of other

828
00:29:40,070 --> 00:29:38,940
people around the world remember it that

829
00:29:42,409 --> 00:29:40,080
way as well

830
00:29:44,450 --> 00:29:42,419
and yet as intriguing as the Mandela

831
00:29:46,130 --> 00:29:44,460
effect is especially in the context of

832
00:29:48,169 --> 00:29:46,140
this conversation about the possibility

833
00:29:49,669 --> 00:29:48,179
that we live in a simulation it's

834
00:29:51,470 --> 00:29:49,679
important to recognize that there are

835
00:29:53,630 --> 00:29:51,480
plenty of other plausible explanations

836
00:29:56,269 --> 00:29:53,640
for the Mandela effect that don't rely

837
00:29:58,549 --> 00:29:56,279
on simulation Theory these explanations

838
00:30:01,149 --> 00:29:58,559
include false memories confabulation

839
00:30:03,830 --> 00:30:01,159
parallel universes and even time travel

840
00:30:05,570 --> 00:30:03,840
and obviously we have no real way to

841
00:30:06,590 --> 00:30:05,580
confirm the cause of this phenomenon one

842
00:30:08,690 --> 00:30:06,600
way or another

843
00:30:10,130 --> 00:30:08,700
but when we stack it up alongside the

844
00:30:13,669 --> 00:30:10,140
other evidence that we may be living in

845
00:30:15,529 --> 00:30:13,679
a simulation it is certainly eerie

846
00:30:17,269 --> 00:30:15,539
and there's one final piece of evidence

847
00:30:19,010 --> 00:30:17,279
that we might be living in a simulation

848
00:30:21,470 --> 00:30:19,020
that's worth mentioning

849
00:30:23,389 --> 00:30:21,480
it's a relatively recent idea that links

850
00:30:25,130 --> 00:30:23,399
the simulation hypothesis to our

851
00:30:27,830 --> 00:30:25,140
awareness of multiple plausible

852
00:30:29,750 --> 00:30:27,840
apocalypse scenarios by suggesting that

853
00:30:30,769 --> 00:30:29,760
we live in some kind of an ancestor

854
00:30:33,950 --> 00:30:30,779
simulator

855
00:30:35,810 --> 00:30:33,960
it goes like this perhaps the point of

856
00:30:37,490 --> 00:30:35,820
this simulation is to explore how

857
00:30:40,070 --> 00:30:37,500
civilization copes with the growing

858
00:30:42,169 --> 00:30:40,080
existential risks that we Face from

859
00:30:44,029 --> 00:30:42,179
nuclear Annihilation to the rise of AI

860
00:30:46,490 --> 00:30:44,039
we find ourselves on the brink of

861
00:30:48,529 --> 00:30:46,500
potential self-destruction so could this

862
00:30:50,750 --> 00:30:48,539
convergence the potential apocalyptic

863
00:30:52,909 --> 00:30:50,760
scenarios be the very thing that this

864
00:30:55,190 --> 00:30:52,919
simulation was created to study

865
00:30:57,710 --> 00:30:55,200
the idea is not as far-fetched as it may

866
00:30:59,690 --> 00:30:57,720
seem at first glance simulations are

867
00:31:02,269 --> 00:30:59,700
often used for testing scenarios and

868
00:31:04,190 --> 00:31:02,279
predicting outcomes for instance we

869
00:31:06,289 --> 00:31:04,200
routinely use flight simulators to train

870
00:31:08,149 --> 00:31:06,299
Pilots simulating various possible

871
00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:08,159
scenarios and problems that they may

872
00:31:12,590 --> 00:31:10,320
encounter while flying a plane

873
00:31:15,289 --> 00:31:12,600
similarly could our universe be a

874
00:31:17,210 --> 00:31:15,299
massive civilization simulator where an

875
00:31:18,830 --> 00:31:17,220
advanced Society tests how we handle

876
00:31:20,990 --> 00:31:18,840
existential threats

877
00:31:23,330 --> 00:31:21,000
in this context each potential

878
00:31:24,649 --> 00:31:23,340
apocalyptic scenario represents a

879
00:31:27,110 --> 00:31:24,659
significant challenge that we must

880
00:31:29,570 --> 00:31:27,120
navigate to ensure our survival a

881
00:31:31,250 --> 00:31:29,580
nuclear Holocaust a climate disaster the

882
00:31:33,649 --> 00:31:31,260
devastating potential of artificial

883
00:31:35,930 --> 00:31:33,659
super intelligence or even a deadly

884
00:31:37,730 --> 00:31:35,940
pandemic could each be seen as tests

885
00:31:39,649 --> 00:31:37,740
within the simulation

886
00:31:41,090 --> 00:31:39,659
an advanced civilization might be

887
00:31:43,430 --> 00:31:41,100
interested in running these scenarios

888
00:31:45,110 --> 00:31:43,440
for several reasons they could be

889
00:31:47,149 --> 00:31:45,120
examining historical possibilities

890
00:31:49,850 --> 00:31:47,159
exploring different outcomes to learn

891
00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:49,860
from past mistakes or testing how a

892
00:31:54,169 --> 00:31:51,840
society similar to their own might

893
00:31:56,149 --> 00:31:54,179
handle various existential threats

894
00:31:58,070 --> 00:31:56,159
it's even been suggested that it could

895
00:32:00,470 --> 00:31:58,080
have been created by some version of us

896
00:32:02,090 --> 00:32:00,480
in the future trying to understand what

897
00:32:03,649 --> 00:32:02,100
happened to their ancestors in the

898
00:32:05,090 --> 00:32:03,659
distant past

899
00:32:08,029 --> 00:32:05,100
so having looked at all the evidence

900
00:32:09,470 --> 00:32:08,039
what is the verdict do we in fact live

901
00:32:11,269 --> 00:32:09,480
in a simulation

902
00:32:13,730 --> 00:32:11,279
as compelling as some of the arguments

903
00:32:15,590 --> 00:32:13,740
for the simulation hypothesis are the

904
00:32:17,930 --> 00:32:15,600
reality is that we can't know for sure

905
00:32:20,450 --> 00:32:17,940
because the hypothesis isn't falsifiable

906
00:32:22,430 --> 00:32:20,460
if we're living in a simulation there's

907
00:32:24,470 --> 00:32:22,440
no definitive test we could perform that

908
00:32:26,990 --> 00:32:24,480
could potentially prove it false because

909
00:32:28,909 --> 00:32:27,000
any evidence we could collect is also a

910
00:32:32,049 --> 00:32:28,919
part of the supposed simulation and can

911
00:32:34,190 --> 00:32:32,059
be manipulated or explained Away by it

912
00:32:36,590 --> 00:32:34,200
non-falsifiable hypotheses aren't

913
00:32:38,570 --> 00:32:36,600
necessarily wrong or meaningless but

914
00:32:40,250 --> 00:32:38,580
they aren't scientifically valid because

915
00:32:41,510 --> 00:32:40,260
they can't be tested and potentially

916
00:32:43,070 --> 00:32:41,520
proven wrong

917
00:32:45,110 --> 00:32:43,080
so when it comes to whether or not we

918
00:32:47,570 --> 00:32:45,120
live in a simulation there's just no

919
00:32:49,610 --> 00:32:47,580
real way for us to know for sure

920
00:32:51,470 --> 00:32:49,620
And yet when we look at the evidence

921
00:32:53,450 --> 00:32:51,480
that has presented itself and when we

922
00:32:55,090 --> 00:32:53,460
look at our own history with Advanced

923
00:32:57,769 --> 00:32:55,100
and potentially dangerous technology

924
00:33:00,110 --> 00:32:57,779
it's hard not to wonder if the reality

925
00:33:02,510 --> 00:33:00,120
in which we find ourselves might be much

926
00:33:04,490 --> 00:33:02,520
different and much spookier than we've

927
00:33:06,529 --> 00:33:04,500
been led to believe

928
00:33:08,029 --> 00:33:06,539
and perhaps there's another possibility

929
00:33:10,190 --> 00:33:08,039
that we can consider

930
00:33:12,769 --> 00:33:10,200
what if the universe isn't a simulation

931
00:33:15,710 --> 00:33:12,779
per se but a hologram

932
00:33:17,570 --> 00:33:15,720
now before your mind leaps to Star Trek

933
00:33:20,509 --> 00:33:17,580
style Holograms or even the ones you've

934
00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:20,519
seen on a credit card remember this the

935
00:33:24,409 --> 00:33:22,260
theory is a bit more complex and

936
00:33:26,690 --> 00:33:24,419
Abstract than those examples but I'll do

937
00:33:28,490 --> 00:33:26,700
my best to keep it digestible

938
00:33:30,889 --> 00:33:28,500
let's start with talking about what a

939
00:33:33,169 --> 00:33:30,899
hologram is and how it works

940
00:33:34,789 --> 00:33:33,179
a hologram is a three-dimensional image

941
00:33:36,950 --> 00:33:34,799
produced through a process called

942
00:33:38,630 --> 00:33:36,960
holography unlike traditional

943
00:33:40,250 --> 00:33:38,640
photography which captures a

944
00:33:42,529 --> 00:33:40,260
two-dimensional representation of a

945
00:33:43,970 --> 00:33:42,539
scene holography records the light

946
00:33:45,470 --> 00:33:43,980
scattered from an object and then

947
00:33:47,330 --> 00:33:45,480
presents it in such a way that it

948
00:33:50,450 --> 00:33:47,340
appears as if the object is still there

949
00:33:52,310 --> 00:33:50,460
giving the viewer a 3D experience

950
00:33:53,149 --> 00:33:52,320
let's dig a bit deeper into how this

951
00:33:54,710 --> 00:33:53,159
works

952
00:33:57,230 --> 00:33:54,720
first let's talk about the key

953
00:33:58,549 --> 00:33:57,240
ingredient light when you look at an

954
00:34:00,110 --> 00:33:58,559
apple you're seeing the light that

955
00:34:02,450 --> 00:34:00,120
bounces off the apple and enters your

956
00:34:04,909 --> 00:34:02,460
eye a traditional photograph captures

957
00:34:07,250 --> 00:34:04,919
this light on a 2d surface but it loses

958
00:34:08,869 --> 00:34:07,260
the depth of the image this is because

959
00:34:10,730 --> 00:34:08,879
it doesn't capture the light's phase

960
00:34:13,129 --> 00:34:10,740
information which is about the wave's

961
00:34:15,589 --> 00:34:13,139
position in their oscillation cycle

962
00:34:17,570 --> 00:34:15,599
ography on the other hand captures both

963
00:34:20,149 --> 00:34:17,580
the intensity and the phase of the light

964
00:34:22,369 --> 00:34:20,159
wave it does this by splitting a laser

965
00:34:24,290 --> 00:34:22,379
beam into two separate beams the

966
00:34:26,389 --> 00:34:24,300
reference beam which remains untouched

967
00:34:28,790 --> 00:34:26,399
and the object beam which bounces off

968
00:34:30,950 --> 00:34:28,800
the object for making a hologram of

969
00:34:33,109 --> 00:34:30,960
when these two beams meet again on a

970
00:34:35,389 --> 00:34:33,119
piece of photographic film they create

971
00:34:37,190 --> 00:34:35,399
an interference pattern that records the

972
00:34:39,829 --> 00:34:37,200
phase and amplitude of the light waves

973
00:34:41,149 --> 00:34:39,839
thus preserving the 3D information of

974
00:34:42,889 --> 00:34:41,159
the object

975
00:34:45,230 --> 00:34:42,899
now imagine you're looking at a

976
00:34:47,210 --> 00:34:45,240
holographic sticker on a credit card as

977
00:34:48,950 --> 00:34:47,220
you tilt the card back and forth you see

978
00:34:51,349 --> 00:34:48,960
the image change is if you're viewing it

979
00:34:53,450 --> 00:34:51,359
from different angles that's because the

980
00:34:55,790 --> 00:34:53,460
Hologram has recorded the lights 3D

981
00:34:57,829 --> 00:34:55,800
information allowing you to experience

982
00:35:00,770 --> 00:34:57,839
different perspectives just as you would

983
00:35:03,530 --> 00:35:00,780
with a real object yet despite their 3D

984
00:35:05,810 --> 00:35:03,540
appearance Holograms are physically 2D

985
00:35:07,730 --> 00:35:05,820
structures the depth you see doesn't

986
00:35:09,770 --> 00:35:07,740
come from the actual physical depth in

987
00:35:12,170 --> 00:35:09,780
the image but from the way your brain

988
00:35:14,089 --> 00:35:12,180
interprets the recorded light waves

989
00:35:15,290 --> 00:35:14,099
and if that doesn't totally make sense

990
00:35:17,390 --> 00:35:15,300
or if you're having a hard time

991
00:35:19,370 --> 00:35:17,400
visualizing how that works don't stress

992
00:35:21,109 --> 00:35:19,380
about it the most important thing to

993
00:35:23,930 --> 00:35:21,119
remember is that a hologram is created

994
00:35:25,370 --> 00:35:23,940
by recording 3D information onto a 2d

995
00:35:27,470 --> 00:35:25,380
surface

996
00:35:29,930 --> 00:35:27,480
okay so now that we more or less

997
00:35:31,490 --> 00:35:29,940
understand how a hologram Works what

998
00:35:33,589 --> 00:35:31,500
does it mean to say that the universe

999
00:35:35,690 --> 00:35:33,599
itself might be a hologram

1000
00:35:37,730 --> 00:35:35,700
the concept of a holographic Universe

1001
00:35:40,130 --> 00:35:37,740
also known as the holographic principle

1002
00:35:42,829 --> 00:35:40,140
was initially proposed by physicist

1003
00:35:44,750 --> 00:35:42,839
Leonard suskind in the late 20th century

1004
00:35:46,609 --> 00:35:44,760
based on the work of fellow physicists

1005
00:35:48,109 --> 00:35:46,619
who were attempting to reconcile the

1006
00:35:49,190 --> 00:35:48,119
theories of quantum mechanics and

1007
00:35:51,530 --> 00:35:49,200
gravity

1008
00:35:53,810 --> 00:35:51,540
the seed of the idea actually came from

1009
00:35:55,970 --> 00:35:53,820
Research into black holes Stephen

1010
00:35:57,950 --> 00:35:55,980
Hawking the famous theoretical physicist

1011
00:36:00,230 --> 00:35:57,960
discovered that black holes aren't

1012
00:36:02,510 --> 00:36:00,240
completely black they emit what's now

1013
00:36:04,370 --> 00:36:02,520
known as Hawking radiation and can

1014
00:36:07,310 --> 00:36:04,380
eventually evaporate away

1015
00:36:09,050 --> 00:36:07,320
this leads to a paradox if a black hole

1016
00:36:10,609 --> 00:36:09,060
evaporates what happens to the

1017
00:36:13,069 --> 00:36:10,619
information about the matter it

1018
00:36:15,230 --> 00:36:13,079
swallowed according to the principles of

1019
00:36:16,730 --> 00:36:15,240
quantum mechanics this information can't

1020
00:36:18,589 --> 00:36:16,740
be destroyed

1021
00:36:21,470 --> 00:36:18,599
to resolve this black hole information

1022
00:36:23,450 --> 00:36:21,480
Paradox suskin proposed the idea that

1023
00:36:25,730 --> 00:36:23,460
all of the information swallowed by a

1024
00:36:27,829 --> 00:36:25,740
black hole is actually stored in a

1025
00:36:29,870 --> 00:36:27,839
two-dimensional form on its surface area

1026
00:36:31,790 --> 00:36:29,880
its Event Horizon

1027
00:36:34,069 --> 00:36:31,800
if the information about everything that

1028
00:36:35,990 --> 00:36:34,079
falls into a black hole is stored in 2D

1029
00:36:37,130 --> 00:36:36,000
on its surface then it's possible the

1030
00:36:40,490 --> 00:36:37,140
same could be true for the whole

1031
00:36:42,770 --> 00:36:40,500
universe this implies our 3D reality is

1032
00:36:44,930 --> 00:36:42,780
a projection of information stored on a

1033
00:36:46,250 --> 00:36:44,940
distant 2D surface kind of like a

1034
00:36:49,190 --> 00:36:46,260
hologram

1035
00:36:51,109 --> 00:36:49,200
pretty wild idea right the key Point

1036
00:36:54,050 --> 00:36:51,119
here is not to think about the universe

1037
00:36:56,810 --> 00:36:54,060
as a physical hologram but rather as a

1038
00:36:58,849 --> 00:36:56,820
mathematical one it's a new way to

1039
00:37:00,710 --> 00:36:58,859
mathematically describe the universe and

1040
00:37:01,609 --> 00:37:00,720
its workings at the most fundamental

1041
00:37:03,770 --> 00:37:01,619
level

1042
00:37:06,470 --> 00:37:03,780
even if the holographic principle is

1043
00:37:09,290 --> 00:37:06,480
correct we wouldn't necessarily feel the

1044
00:37:11,930 --> 00:37:09,300
universe as a 2d surface we would still

1045
00:37:14,089 --> 00:37:11,940
perceive our reality as 3D much like we

1046
00:37:15,890 --> 00:37:14,099
see a holograph on a credit card is 3D

1047
00:37:17,990 --> 00:37:15,900
even though it's flat

1048
00:37:19,790 --> 00:37:18,000
to make things even weirder the

1049
00:37:22,370 --> 00:37:19,800
holographic principle implies that

1050
00:37:24,589 --> 00:37:22,380
gravity in space-time itself could be

1051
00:37:26,750 --> 00:37:24,599
emergent properties coming out of the

1052
00:37:29,690 --> 00:37:26,760
underlying Quantum information

1053
00:37:31,609 --> 00:37:29,700
that idea in and of itself represents a

1054
00:37:33,589 --> 00:37:31,619
profound paradigm shift in how we

1055
00:37:35,810 --> 00:37:33,599
understand the universe and it's one

1056
00:37:37,730 --> 00:37:35,820
that will keep coming back to as we move

1057
00:37:40,069 --> 00:37:37,740
into part three of this series

1058
00:37:42,170 --> 00:37:40,079
the holographic principle is frankly

1059
00:37:44,270 --> 00:37:42,180
mind-blowing and the deeper you dive

1060
00:37:46,730 --> 00:37:44,280
into this possibility the more profound

1061
00:37:48,710 --> 00:37:46,740
the implications become it's worth

1062
00:37:50,750 --> 00:37:48,720
taking a quick tour through what the

1063
00:37:52,609 --> 00:37:50,760
reality of a holographic Universe could

1064
00:37:53,569 --> 00:37:52,619
mean for the nature of reality as we

1065
00:37:56,089 --> 00:37:53,579
know it

1066
00:37:57,710 --> 00:37:56,099
and if you find these ideas intriguing a

1067
00:37:59,510 --> 00:37:57,720
lot of what I'm about to discuss is

1068
00:38:01,790 --> 00:37:59,520
drawn from a phenomenal book by Michael

1069
00:38:04,730 --> 00:38:01,800
Talbot called the holographic Universe

1070
00:38:06,650 --> 00:38:04,740
the Revolutionary theory of reality it's

1071
00:38:08,030 --> 00:38:06,660
a super fun read and it does a great job

1072
00:38:10,370 --> 00:38:08,040
of breaking down some of the more

1073
00:38:11,750 --> 00:38:10,380
challenging Concepts I'll link to it in

1074
00:38:13,490 --> 00:38:11,760
the episode brief

1075
00:38:15,230 --> 00:38:13,500
so let's get into it

1076
00:38:17,210 --> 00:38:15,240
first of all one major difference

1077
00:38:19,490 --> 00:38:17,220
between the holographic principle and

1078
00:38:22,190 --> 00:38:19,500
various simulation theories is that it

1079
00:38:23,930 --> 00:38:22,200
eliminates the need for a programmer as

1080
00:38:25,609 --> 00:38:23,940
we've discussed simulation theories

1081
00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:25,619
suggests that our entire reality

1082
00:38:30,170 --> 00:38:27,839
including the universe itself is an

1083
00:38:32,270 --> 00:38:30,180
artificial construct an advanced

1084
00:38:34,250 --> 00:38:32,280
computer simulation created by a more

1085
00:38:35,569 --> 00:38:34,260
sophisticated technologically advanced

1086
00:38:37,609 --> 00:38:35,579
civilization

1087
00:38:39,890 --> 00:38:37,619
basically in this model there is a

1088
00:38:42,770 --> 00:38:39,900
puppeteer or rather a super Advanced

1089
00:38:44,810 --> 00:38:42,780
programmer the simulation Theory implies

1090
00:38:45,829 --> 00:38:44,820
intentionality and design behind our

1091
00:38:47,930 --> 00:38:45,839
reality

1092
00:38:50,510 --> 00:38:47,940
however the holographic Universe

1093
00:38:52,609 --> 00:38:50,520
hypothesis as we've discussed suggests

1094
00:38:54,530 --> 00:38:52,619
our 3D reality is a kind of projection

1095
00:38:55,670 --> 00:38:54,540
from a 2d surface at the edge of the

1096
00:38:57,829 --> 00:38:55,680
universe

1097
00:38:59,870 --> 00:38:57,839
but here's the crucial point in the

1098
00:39:02,390 --> 00:38:59,880
holographic Universe hypothesis there's

1099
00:39:04,670 --> 00:39:02,400
no Puppeteer pulling the strings the

1100
00:39:06,589 --> 00:39:04,680
projection happens naturally as a result

1101
00:39:09,890 --> 00:39:06,599
of the way the universe fundamentally

1102
00:39:11,930 --> 00:39:09,900
works it's a natural process it's just

1103
00:39:14,210 --> 00:39:11,940
how the universe operates and it doesn't

1104
00:39:16,430 --> 00:39:14,220
necessarily require any intentionality

1105
00:39:19,069 --> 00:39:16,440
or Creator though I'd argue that it

1106
00:39:20,990 --> 00:39:19,079
doesn't necessarily preclude one either

1107
00:39:22,849 --> 00:39:21,000
another stunning implication of the

1108
00:39:24,710 --> 00:39:22,859
holographic Universe model is that

1109
00:39:27,349 --> 00:39:24,720
everything that exists is interconnected

1110
00:39:29,089 --> 00:39:27,359
on a deep and profound level and that

1111
00:39:30,950 --> 00:39:29,099
any divisions between things are

1112
00:39:32,089 --> 00:39:30,960
Illusions created by our limited

1113
00:39:34,490 --> 00:39:32,099
perspective

1114
00:39:37,250 --> 00:39:34,500
to understand why this is we need to

1115
00:39:39,170 --> 00:39:37,260
return briefly to how a hologram works

1116
00:39:41,210 --> 00:39:39,180
in a hologram all of the information

1117
00:39:43,670 --> 00:39:41,220
necessary to create the entire

1118
00:39:46,069 --> 00:39:43,680
holographic projection is contained

1119
00:39:47,329 --> 00:39:46,079
within each individual part or region of

1120
00:39:49,790 --> 00:39:47,339
the hologram

1121
00:39:52,490 --> 00:39:49,800
this means that every piece of the

1122
00:39:54,470 --> 00:39:52,500
Hologram holds the complete blueprint or

1123
00:39:55,490 --> 00:39:54,480
encoding for the entire holographic

1124
00:39:57,770 --> 00:39:55,500
image

1125
00:39:59,510 --> 00:39:57,780
similarly in the holographic Universe

1126
00:40:01,609 --> 00:39:59,520
model the information that makes up our

1127
00:40:03,589 --> 00:40:01,619
reality is encoded throughout the fabric

1128
00:40:05,210 --> 00:40:03,599
of the universe much like the

1129
00:40:08,089 --> 00:40:05,220
interference pattern on the holographic

1130
00:40:09,890 --> 00:40:08,099
plate each individual part or region of

1131
00:40:12,530 --> 00:40:09,900
the universe contains the complete

1132
00:40:14,930 --> 00:40:12,540
information necessary to reconstruct the

1133
00:40:16,730 --> 00:40:14,940
entire holographic projection

1134
00:40:19,130 --> 00:40:16,740
and once again if you're having trouble

1135
00:40:21,470 --> 00:40:19,140
visualizing that don't worry here's

1136
00:40:23,510 --> 00:40:21,480
another way to think about it imagine a

1137
00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:23,520
holographic image of a flower if you

1138
00:40:27,530 --> 00:40:25,200
were to cut the Hologram into smaller

1139
00:40:30,230 --> 00:40:27,540
pieces each fragment would still contain

1140
00:40:31,910 --> 00:40:30,240
the encoding for the entire flower each

1141
00:40:34,010 --> 00:40:31,920
fragment when illuminated would

1142
00:40:36,770 --> 00:40:34,020
reconstruct the full image of the flower

1143
00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:36,780
albeit with reduced Clarity due to the

1144
00:40:41,089 --> 00:40:38,640
loss of some information

1145
00:40:42,950 --> 00:40:41,099
in the same way if we were to zoom in on

1146
00:40:45,589 --> 00:40:42,960
a specific part of the universe such as

1147
00:40:47,510 --> 00:40:45,599
a single atom or a human being that

1148
00:40:49,490 --> 00:40:47,520
localized region would contain the

1149
00:40:52,190 --> 00:40:49,500
information necessary to describe the

1150
00:40:54,109 --> 00:40:52,200
entirety of the universe the holographic

1151
00:40:56,569 --> 00:40:54,119
model suggests that the universe is

1152
00:40:58,790 --> 00:40:56,579
fundamentally interconnected and every

1153
00:40:59,990 --> 00:40:58,800
part reflects the whole in its encoded

1154
00:41:02,030 --> 00:41:00,000
information

1155
00:41:04,490 --> 00:41:02,040
this fascinating aspect of the

1156
00:41:06,650 --> 00:41:04,500
holographic model of the universe brings

1157
00:41:09,770 --> 00:41:06,660
to mind the words of the 13th century

1158
00:41:12,829 --> 00:41:09,780
Persian poet Rumi you are not a drop in

1159
00:41:14,810 --> 00:41:12,839
the ocean you are the ocean in a drop

1160
00:41:16,310 --> 00:41:14,820
another intriguing aspect of the

1161
00:41:18,770 --> 00:41:16,320
interconnectedness implied by the

1162
00:41:21,589 --> 00:41:18,780
holographic Universe hypothesis is that

1163
00:41:23,690 --> 00:41:21,599
it further implies a non-local universe

1164
00:41:25,790 --> 00:41:23,700
what's so intriguing about this is that

1165
00:41:27,890 --> 00:41:25,800
it could provide an explanation for some

1166
00:41:30,050 --> 00:41:27,900
of the spookier and seemingly impossible

1167
00:41:31,670 --> 00:41:30,060
aspects of quantum mechanics

1168
00:41:33,589 --> 00:41:31,680
let's start with the idea of

1169
00:41:35,270 --> 00:41:33,599
non-locality because it's not super

1170
00:41:36,950 --> 00:41:35,280
intuitive if you haven't explored this

1171
00:41:38,569 --> 00:41:36,960
idea before

1172
00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:38,579
when we say that the universe is

1173
00:41:42,470 --> 00:41:40,560
non-local what we mean is that it

1174
00:41:45,290 --> 00:41:42,480
operates beyond the limitations of

1175
00:41:47,210 --> 00:41:45,300
locality or physical distance in other

1176
00:41:49,069 --> 00:41:47,220
words events and phenomena in the

1177
00:41:51,890 --> 00:41:49,079
universe can be connected and influence

1178
00:41:54,230 --> 00:41:51,900
each other instantaneously regardless of

1179
00:41:56,390 --> 00:41:54,240
the spatial separation between them

1180
00:41:57,770 --> 00:41:56,400
this is so counterintuitive to us

1181
00:41:59,390 --> 00:41:57,780
because it flies in the face of

1182
00:42:01,849 --> 00:41:59,400
everything we think we know about our

1183
00:42:04,130 --> 00:42:01,859
reality and how it works in our everyday

1184
00:42:06,530 --> 00:42:04,140
experience we tend to think of cause and

1185
00:42:08,930 --> 00:42:06,540
effect as a linear progression if event

1186
00:42:11,030 --> 00:42:08,940
a happens in one location its influence

1187
00:42:12,470 --> 00:42:11,040
can only reach neighboring locations

1188
00:42:14,089 --> 00:42:12,480
over time

1189
00:42:15,890 --> 00:42:14,099
think of how the light from the sun

1190
00:42:18,109 --> 00:42:15,900
takes eight minutes to reach the Earth

1191
00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:18,119
or how if you throw a rock into a lake

1192
00:42:21,290 --> 00:42:19,380
it will take a few moments for those

1193
00:42:23,690 --> 00:42:21,300
ripples to reach the shore

1194
00:42:25,609 --> 00:42:23,700
this is the principle of local causality

1195
00:42:27,829 --> 00:42:25,619
where causes and effects are limited by

1196
00:42:30,650 --> 00:42:27,839
the speed of light and information can

1197
00:42:32,690 --> 00:42:30,660
only travel at or below this speed

1198
00:42:34,010 --> 00:42:32,700
however the concept of non-locality

1199
00:42:36,410 --> 00:42:34,020
challenges this conventional

1200
00:42:38,750 --> 00:42:36,420
understanding in the realm of quantum

1201
00:42:40,190 --> 00:42:38,760
physics non-locality refers to the

1202
00:42:42,710 --> 00:42:40,200
instantaneous connection between

1203
00:42:45,530 --> 00:42:42,720
particles or systems even when they are

1204
00:42:48,230 --> 00:42:45,540
separated by vast distances or what

1205
00:42:50,030 --> 00:42:48,240
Einstein famously referred to as spooky

1206
00:42:52,609 --> 00:42:50,040
action at a distance

1207
00:42:54,770 --> 00:42:52,619
this means that changes in one particle

1208
00:42:56,810 --> 00:42:54,780
can instantaneously affect the state of

1209
00:42:59,030 --> 00:42:56,820
another regardless of how much distance

1210
00:43:01,550 --> 00:42:59,040
is in between them one of the most

1211
00:43:04,250 --> 00:43:01,560
famous examples of non-locality is

1212
00:43:06,170 --> 00:43:04,260
quantum entanglement when two particles

1213
00:43:07,970 --> 00:43:06,180
become entangled their properties such

1214
00:43:10,970 --> 00:43:07,980
as spin or polarization become

1215
00:43:12,349 --> 00:43:10,980
correlated this correlation remains even

1216
00:43:14,690 --> 00:43:12,359
when the particles are physically

1217
00:43:16,790 --> 00:43:14,700
separated by large distances

1218
00:43:18,710 --> 00:43:16,800
if the state of one entangled particle

1219
00:43:21,349 --> 00:43:18,720
is measured or manipulated the other

1220
00:43:23,290 --> 00:43:21,359
entangled particle instantaneously knows

1221
00:43:26,329 --> 00:43:23,300
and adjusts its state accordingly

1222
00:43:28,609 --> 00:43:26,339
irrespective of the spatial separation

1223
00:43:30,470 --> 00:43:28,619
this instantaneous communication between

1224
00:43:32,150 --> 00:43:30,480
entangled particles is a direct

1225
00:43:34,609 --> 00:43:32,160
challenge to everything we know about

1226
00:43:36,410 --> 00:43:34,619
cause and effect and it suggests a

1227
00:43:39,589 --> 00:43:36,420
deeper underlying interconnectedness

1228
00:43:41,030 --> 00:43:39,599
that transcends space and time it

1229
00:43:43,130 --> 00:43:41,040
implies that information is shared

1230
00:43:45,109 --> 00:43:43,140
between the entangled particles faster

1231
00:43:47,569 --> 00:43:45,119
than the speed of light which as we've

1232
00:43:48,589 --> 00:43:47,579
discussed shouldn't be possible and yet

1233
00:43:51,050 --> 00:43:48,599
it is

1234
00:43:52,970 --> 00:43:51,060
the concept of non-locality is baked

1235
00:43:55,550 --> 00:43:52,980
into the holographic Universe hypothesis

1236
00:43:57,650 --> 00:43:55,560
it suggests that this interconnectedness

1237
00:43:59,990 --> 00:43:57,660
isn't just a weird feature of quantum

1238
00:44:02,329 --> 00:44:00,000
mechanics but is a reflection of the

1239
00:44:03,050 --> 00:44:02,339
very nature and fabric of reality as a

1240
00:44:04,970 --> 00:44:03,060
whole

1241
00:44:06,710 --> 00:44:04,980
because just like in our example of the

1242
00:44:09,050 --> 00:44:06,720
Hologram of the flower that can be cut

1243
00:44:11,750 --> 00:44:09,060
into tiny pieces and each piece can

1244
00:44:13,790 --> 00:44:11,760
still generate the entire hologram the

1245
00:44:15,890 --> 00:44:13,800
holographic model proposes that the

1246
00:44:17,930 --> 00:44:15,900
information that makes up our reality is

1247
00:44:20,630 --> 00:44:17,940
distributed throughout the entirety of

1248
00:44:22,609 --> 00:44:20,640
the universe and therefore any changes

1249
00:44:24,829 --> 00:44:22,619
or influences on that information can

1250
00:44:27,410 --> 00:44:24,839
have non-local effects

1251
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:27,420
to visualize this imagine a hologram

1252
00:44:31,250 --> 00:44:29,760
projected into space if you were to

1253
00:44:33,230 --> 00:44:31,260
modify a specific part of the

1254
00:44:34,849 --> 00:44:33,240
holographic plate it would

1255
00:44:36,829 --> 00:44:34,859
instantaneously affect the entire

1256
00:44:38,930 --> 00:44:36,839
holographic projection

1257
00:44:41,030 --> 00:44:38,940
similarly in the holographic Universe

1258
00:44:42,770 --> 00:44:41,040
hypothesis any changes or interactions

1259
00:44:45,050 --> 00:44:42,780
with the underlying holographic

1260
00:44:47,089 --> 00:44:45,060
information would have the potential to

1261
00:44:49,609 --> 00:44:47,099
Ripple throughout the entire fabric of

1262
00:44:51,050 --> 00:44:49,619
reality transcending the limitations of

1263
00:44:53,030 --> 00:44:51,060
space and time

1264
00:44:55,130 --> 00:44:53,040
what's so attractive to me at least

1265
00:44:57,410 --> 00:44:55,140
about this model is that it proposes a

1266
00:44:59,210 --> 00:44:57,420
view of reality we're in the strangest

1267
00:45:01,670 --> 00:44:59,220
and most seemingly impossible features

1268
00:45:04,069 --> 00:45:01,680
of quantum mechanics aren't bizarre

1269
00:45:05,870 --> 00:45:04,079
anomalies that we have to accept without

1270
00:45:08,450 --> 00:45:05,880
having any way to understand or account

1271
00:45:10,970 --> 00:45:08,460
for them in this model these things

1272
00:45:13,130 --> 00:45:10,980
become obvious and integral parts of the

1273
00:45:14,870 --> 00:45:13,140
fabric of reality itself

1274
00:45:16,670 --> 00:45:14,880
frankly it's exactly the sort of

1275
00:45:19,010 --> 00:45:16,680
paradigm shift that we've needed for the

1276
00:45:21,470 --> 00:45:19,020
past Century that's not enough to prove

1277
00:45:23,030 --> 00:45:21,480
that it's necessarily true but at the

1278
00:45:25,730 --> 00:45:23,040
very least it bodes well for the

1279
00:45:28,190 --> 00:45:25,740
durability of this Theory

1280
00:45:29,930 --> 00:45:28,200
and this idea has even more profound

1281
00:45:31,849 --> 00:45:29,940
implications when we consider the

1282
00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:31,859
implications for Consciousness and the

1283
00:45:34,430 --> 00:45:32,640
mind

1284
00:45:36,770 --> 00:45:34,440
again we come back to Rumi's words

1285
00:45:39,050 --> 00:45:36,780
reminding us that we are not a drop in

1286
00:45:41,270 --> 00:45:39,060
the ocean but the ocean in a drop

1287
00:45:43,370 --> 00:45:41,280
with the holographic model suggests is

1288
00:45:45,589 --> 00:45:43,380
the possibility that the Mind itself is

1289
00:45:47,329 --> 00:45:45,599
a holographic processor that is

1290
00:45:48,470 --> 00:45:47,339
inextricably linked to the Hologram

1291
00:45:50,809 --> 00:45:48,480
itself

1292
00:45:52,730 --> 00:45:50,819
for example while a hologram is created

1293
00:45:54,109 --> 00:45:52,740
by encoding information onto a

1294
00:45:56,990 --> 00:45:54,119
two-dimensional surface such as a

1295
00:45:58,970 --> 00:45:57,000
holographic plate the mind also encodes

1296
00:46:01,130 --> 00:45:58,980
information through our senses which

1297
00:46:02,089 --> 00:46:01,140
capture and transmit sensory data to the

1298
00:46:03,950 --> 00:46:02,099
brain

1299
00:46:05,809 --> 00:46:03,960
the sensory information is then

1300
00:46:08,390 --> 00:46:05,819
processed and interpreted by the brain

1301
00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:08,400
your experience of reality isn't a

1302
00:46:12,470 --> 00:46:10,319
direct experience but rather the

1303
00:46:14,270 --> 00:46:12,480
translation of coded information

1304
00:46:15,950 --> 00:46:14,280
when you see a flower the visual

1305
00:46:18,290 --> 00:46:15,960
information is encoded through the

1306
00:46:20,150 --> 00:46:18,300
sensory input of your eyes this

1307
00:46:21,710 --> 00:46:20,160
information is then transmitted to the

1308
00:46:23,809 --> 00:46:21,720
brain where it is decoded and

1309
00:46:25,490 --> 00:46:23,819
interpreted allowing you to perceive the

1310
00:46:28,670 --> 00:46:25,500
flower as a three-dimensional object

1311
00:46:30,410 --> 00:46:28,680
with specific colors shapes and textures

1312
00:46:32,450 --> 00:46:30,420
as you'll recall from part one of this

1313
00:46:34,309 --> 00:46:32,460
series we don't currently have a great

1314
00:46:36,710 --> 00:46:34,319
explanation for how that perception of

1315
00:46:38,210 --> 00:46:36,720
our environment actually works and while

1316
00:46:40,130 --> 00:46:38,220
the holographic model of the mind

1317
00:46:41,390 --> 00:46:40,140
doesn't solve all of our problems with

1318
00:46:43,490 --> 00:46:41,400
regard to the experience of

1319
00:46:45,710 --> 00:46:43,500
Consciousness it at least helps us make

1320
00:46:48,050 --> 00:46:45,720
some considerable progress

1321
00:46:49,790 --> 00:46:48,060
and perhaps the most profound and

1322
00:46:52,069 --> 00:46:49,800
challenging aspect of the holographic

1323
00:46:53,690 --> 00:46:52,079
model is that it also suggests that the

1324
00:46:56,270 --> 00:46:53,700
mind is not limited by physical

1325
00:46:58,970 --> 00:46:56,280
boundaries allowing for non-local

1326
00:47:01,250 --> 00:46:58,980
information exchange this means that the

1327
00:47:03,050 --> 00:47:01,260
mind can access information Beyond its

1328
00:47:05,329 --> 00:47:03,060
immediate surroundings or even beyond

1329
00:47:07,849 --> 00:47:05,339
the confines of space and time

1330
00:47:10,790 --> 00:47:07,859
for instance consider experiences like

1331
00:47:12,290 --> 00:47:10,800
Intuition or sudden insights these often

1332
00:47:14,930 --> 00:47:12,300
involve the Mind accessing information

1333
00:47:16,609 --> 00:47:14,940
or making connections that go beyond the

1334
00:47:18,470 --> 00:47:16,619
linear thought process

1335
00:47:20,329 --> 00:47:18,480
the holographic nature of the Mind

1336
00:47:22,270 --> 00:47:20,339
suggests that this non-local information

1337
00:47:24,650 --> 00:47:22,280
exchange is possible because

1338
00:47:26,450 --> 00:47:24,660
Consciousness is interconnected with the

1339
00:47:28,430 --> 00:47:26,460
holographic fabric of the universe

1340
00:47:30,170 --> 00:47:28,440
allowing for the integration of

1341
00:47:31,730 --> 00:47:30,180
information from a broader field of

1342
00:47:33,470 --> 00:47:31,740
consciousness

1343
00:47:36,109 --> 00:47:33,480
but that's not all that the holographic

1344
00:47:37,430 --> 00:47:36,119
model of the Mind allows for if it turns

1345
00:47:39,230 --> 00:47:37,440
out that the mind and the universe

1346
00:47:41,390 --> 00:47:39,240
behave in the same manner as a hologram

1347
00:47:43,370 --> 00:47:41,400
then suddenly we have to completely

1348
00:47:45,770 --> 00:47:43,380
rethink what is possible and what is

1349
00:47:47,270 --> 00:47:45,780
impossible and we quickly find that many

1350
00:47:48,950 --> 00:47:47,280
of the things that we've written off and

1351
00:47:51,770 --> 00:47:48,960
relegated to the realm of the woo

1352
00:47:53,750 --> 00:47:51,780
suddenly make perfect sense in the

1353
00:47:55,250 --> 00:47:53,760
holographic view Consciousness is not

1354
00:47:57,589 --> 00:47:55,260
confined to the boundaries of the

1355
00:48:00,170 --> 00:47:57,599
individual brain but is interconnected

1356
00:48:02,809 --> 00:48:00,180
with the holographic field of reality

1357
00:48:05,030 --> 00:48:02,819
in that Paradigm things like telepathy

1358
00:48:08,089 --> 00:48:05,040
precognition and other SCI phenomena

1359
00:48:10,730 --> 00:48:08,099
cease to be spooky and become logical

1360
00:48:12,829 --> 00:48:10,740
and natural results of the cosmic order

1361
00:48:15,109 --> 00:48:12,839
these experiences can be explained by

1362
00:48:17,150 --> 00:48:15,119
non-local information exchange something

1363
00:48:19,609 --> 00:48:17,160
that quantum mechanics has already shown

1364
00:48:21,109 --> 00:48:19,619
us to be possible in the same way that

1365
00:48:23,390 --> 00:48:21,119
two entangled particles can share

1366
00:48:25,730 --> 00:48:23,400
information instantaneously this model

1367
00:48:28,670 --> 00:48:25,740
suggests that the Mind may also be able

1368
00:48:30,109 --> 00:48:28,680
to access non-local information in ways

1369
00:48:32,809 --> 00:48:30,119
that are considered to be impossible

1370
00:48:34,370 --> 00:48:32,819
under our current paradigm

1371
00:48:37,010 --> 00:48:34,380
and that's where we'll leave it until

1372
00:48:39,230 --> 00:48:37,020
next time because frankly from here the

1373
00:48:41,690 --> 00:48:39,240
ideas only get more challenging and more

1374
00:48:43,910 --> 00:48:41,700
profound and as I'm hoping you can sense

1375
00:48:46,490 --> 00:48:43,920
this line of questioning has led us

1376
00:48:48,530 --> 00:48:46,500
inexorably to a Tipping Point

1377
00:48:50,630 --> 00:48:48,540
we've dismantled our old ways of viewing

1378
00:48:52,370 --> 00:48:50,640
the world and through the process of

1379
00:48:54,650 --> 00:48:52,380
interrogating our most fundamental

1380
00:48:57,290 --> 00:48:54,660
assumptions we've stumbled upon some

1381
00:49:00,290 --> 00:48:57,300
tantalizing Clues hinting at a profound

1382
00:49:02,390 --> 00:49:00,300
new way of thinking we find ourselves on

1383
00:49:04,430 --> 00:49:02,400
the precipice of a radical paradigm

1384
00:49:06,770 --> 00:49:04,440
shift that has the potential to

1385
00:49:09,349 --> 00:49:06,780
integrate the most impossible aspects of

1386
00:49:13,550 --> 00:49:09,359
our reality from quantum mechanics to

1387
00:49:14,840 --> 00:49:13,560
anomalous experience and yes even UFOs

1388
00:49:21,670 --> 00:49:14,850
until next time